Farewell to MiG-21 Fighter Jets

Summary Notes on Indian Air Force MiG-21 Retirement and Future Plans

• Retirement of MiG-21: The Indian Air Force (IAF) decommissioned its last two MiG-21 squadrons (No 23 and No 3) on September 26, marking the end of an era for the Soviet-era fighter, which has been in service for over 60 years and involved in notable conflicts like the 1965 India-Pakistan War, the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, and the 1999 Kargil conflict.

• Operational Stats: India procured over 700 MiG-21s, with 36 jets operating in the final squadrons. The IAF currently has only 29 fighter squadrons, significantly below the sanctioned strength of 42, leading to concerns over combat readiness, especially in a potential two-front conflict with Pakistan (20-25 squadrons) and China (over 60 squadrons).

• Safety Record: Government data indicates more than 500 MiG-21 crashes over 60 years, resulting in the deaths of at least 170 pilots. However, some IAF officials defend the aircraft's safety record given operational flying hours.

• Future Induction Plans: The IAF plans to replenish its fighter strength through various programs:

  • Acquisition of 180 Tejas Mk1A jets (contract worth Rs 48,000 crore signed in February 2021).
  • Induction of indigenous Tejas Mk2 and Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) projected for the next decade.
  • A potential acquisition of 114 additional fighters with Dassault Rafale emerging as a frontrunner for procurement.

• Delayed Deliveries: The IAF has faced significant delays in aircraft development. The Tejas program originated in the 1980s, and the first two Tejas Mk1A expected delivery is delayed until October due to F404 engine procurement issues. Overall, HAL plans a production rate of 16 jets annually, pushing total deliveries to the mid-2030s.

• Indigenous Technological Advancements: The IAF has introduced the S-400 missile system from Russia and developed the Akashteer air-defense system, enhancing its defensive capabilities amid external pressures. Upgrades for 84 Su-30MKI fighters are also planned under the Super-30 program.

Key Points to Note:

• MiG-21 History: Served as IAF’s primary interceptor since 1963 with significant operational history.
• Squadron Strength: 29 current squadrons vs. a sanctioned strength of 42; urgent need to bolster numbers.
• Indigenous Production: Investment in HAL for Tejas jets; implications for the defense manufacturing sector.
• Regional Fighter Comparisons: Pakistan and China’s fighter capabilities relative to IAF’s current strength.