Odisha's Crocodile Population Increase Survey

Odisha Estuarine Crocodile Population Survey Summary:

1. Increase in Population:

   • The saltwater crocodile population in Odisha has increased by 32, reaching a total of 1,858.
   • This marks the largest natural population of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in India.

2. Survey Details:

   • Conducted by the State Forest and Environment Department from January 8 to 10, 2026.
   • Covered various river systems around Bhitarkanika National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, Gahirmatha Wildlife Sanctuary, the Mahanadi deltaic area, and the Devi river mouth area.
   • Deployed 24 census teams to count crocodiles across 54 segments using both daytime and nighttime surveys.

3. Population Breakdown:

   • Total crocodiles: 1,858
   • Hatchlings (< 2 ft): 531 (28.58%)
   • Yearlings (2 to 3 ft): 442 (23.79%)
   • Juveniles (3 to 6 ft): 365 (19.64%)
   • Sub-adults (6 to 8 ft): 167 (8.99%)
   • Adults (> 8 ft): 353 (19%)

4. Regional Distribution of Crocodiles:

   • Kanika Wildlife Range: 1,424 crocodiles (76.64%)
   • Rajnagar Wildlife Range: 292 crocodiles (15.72%)
   • Mahakalpada Range (Mahanadi delta): 99 crocodiles (5.33%)
   • Gahirmatha Wildlife Range: 43 crocodiles (2.31%)

5. Methodology:

   • Individual counts conducted through a combination of boat-based surveys in both daytime and nighttime.
   • Hatchlings, yearlings, and juveniles primarily counted at night using powerful spotlights, while sub-adults and adults were counted during the day.

6. Use of Technology:

   • A pilot drone-based survey was conducted in December to evaluate the feasibility of drones for future crocodile estimations.
   • Key parameters for drone usage such as flight height, timing, transect design, and detection rates were recorded.
   • Future strategies include utilizing drones and cameras to profile individual crocodiles based on distinct morphological features, aiming to minimize observer bias and enhance data accuracy regarding crocodile distribution.

7. Ecological and Conservation Significance:

   • The increase in the estuarine crocodile population reflects successful conservation efforts in regional wildlife management.
   • Activities aligned with wildlife protection policies and forest management strategies in Odisha reinforce biodiversity initiatives.

This data indicates significant advancements in wildlife monitoring techniques and underscores the ecological importance of crocodile conservation in Odisha's unique habitats.