Tamil Nadu's Dugong Conservation Success

Summary of Dugong Conservation Efforts in Tamil Nadu

• Dugong Population Recovery: Tamil Nadu has successfully increased the dugong population in the Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar regions to over 200 individuals, following extensive conservation measures and community involvement.

• Conservation Reserve: In September 2022, the Tamil Nadu government established a 448.34 square kilometer Dugong Conservation Reserve under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, protecting critical seagrass habitats essential for dugongs.

• IUCN Recognition: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) officially recognized this reserve at its World Conservation Congress 2025 in Abu Dhabi as a model for marine biodiversity conservation and dugong protection.

• Government and Community Initiatives: Conservation efforts included:

  • Habitat restoration initiatives partnered with local communities, NGOs, and research institutions.
  • Awareness programs for fisherfolk to rescue entangled dugongs, resulting in nine rescues in the last two years.
  • Compensation for fishermen whose nets are cut during rescue operations, alongside a recognition program for their contributions.

• Scientific Research and Funding: The dugong recovery is part of a national conservation program led by a Task Force, funded by the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) and supported by the Tamil Nadu Coastal Restoration Mission (TN-SHORE).

• Seagrass Habitat Restoration: Approximately 31 acres of seagrass have been restored using eco-friendly methods, including bamboo frames and biodegradable materials for sustainable restoration. Initial restoration efforts are underway in selected areas of Palk Bay.

• International Dugong Conservation Centre: Plans for setting up a dedicated center at Manora to enhance awareness and research on dugongs, which will also serve as an eco-tourism site.

• Current Challenges: The conservation effort faces ongoing challenges such as the damage to seagrass beds due to fishing practices and the need for better regional cooperation, particularly with Sri Lanka, as dugongs migrate across borders.

• Importance of Continued Efforts: Experts emphasize the necessity of maintaining conservation momentum to ensure the ongoing survival of the dugong population and protect their habitats.

These comprehensive conservation efforts underscore the critical intersection of government policy, scientific research, community engagement, and international collaboration in species recovery and environmental stewardship.