UPSC Civil Services Current Affairs Articles

• The Indian government is considering the use of nuclear energy to power data centers, driven by the growing energy demands from artificial intelligence and data management.
• The IT Ministry is advocating for small modular reactors (SMRs) as part of a national policy framework for these energy-intensive facilities, which generate significant operational costs primarily due to electricity consum

Summary of Key Facts and Concepts Related to Electromagnetism

• Foundational Experiments:

  • In 1752, Benjamin Franklin conducted a kite experiment to demonstrate that lightning is a form of electricity.
  • The experiment showed Franklin gathering charge safely, which led to the understanding that electricity is related to lightning.

• Historical Developments:

  • 1820: Hans Christ

• Typhoon Ragasa Impact: Typhoon Ragasa made landfall in Guangdong, southern China, on September 24, 2025, with winds reaching up to 145 km/h, after causing at least 14 fatalities in Taiwan due to flooding triggered by a burst barrier lake.

• Casualties and Displacement: In Taiwan, the death toll was revised down from 17 to 14, with 46 reported injuries. Approximately 1,200 individuals to

• Increased Intensity of Rainfall: Northern States of India, including Punjab, Delhi, Gurugram, and parts of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, faced severe flooding due to increased intensity and frequency of rainfall attributed to climate change.

• Rainfall Statistics: In May, Mumbai recorded 135.4 mm of rain in 24 hours, while Delhi recorded 81 mm within hours, indicating inadequate pr

• Context: Protests in Leh, Ladakh, erupted seeking Statehood and Sixth Schedule tribal status amid claims of violent police engagement.

• Government Response:

  • The Union Home Ministry reported casualties, attributed to violent protests that broke out despite ongoing negotiations with local leaders.
  • A curfew was imposed, and Home Ministry claimed the situation escalated due to p

• Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy addressed the UN General Assembly, highlighting the ongoing arms race, which he termed “the most destructive in human history,” emphasizing the threat from Russia.
• Zelenskyy claimed that Russian military presence is extending beyond Ukraine, with drones now posing a threat across Europe, which could lead to greater conflict if not addressed international

Summary Notes on DSIR Scheme “Capacity Building and Human Resource Development”

• Approval and Funding: The Indian Cabinet has approved the DSIR/CSIR Scheme on “Capacity Building and Human Resource Development” with a total financial outlay of ₹2277.397 crore for the 2021-22 to 2025-26 period.

• Coverage: This scheme will be implemented by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Res

Summary of Cabinet Approval for NH-139W Project in Bihar

• Project Overview: The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the construction of the Sahebganj-Areraj-Bettiah section of NH-139W in Bihar, which spans a total length of 78.942 km and is estimated to cost ₹3,822.31 crore.

• Implementation Mode: The project will be executed under the Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM), a fundin

Summary of Cabinet Approval for Medical Education Expansion

• Cabinet Decision: The Union Cabinet approved Phase-III of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) to enhance medical education capacity in India.
• Capacity Expansion: The initiative aims to add 5,000 postgraduate (PG) seats and 5,023 undergraduate (UG) MBBS seats to government medical colleges and institutions.
• **Financial

• Leaders from several countries, including the UK, Canada, Australia, and Portugal, have recognized Palestinian statehood, with France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and others joining the effort.
• French President Emmanuel Macron emphasized the need to preserve the possibility of a two-state solution during a UN session co-hosted with Saudi Arabia.
• The current wave of endorsements reflects internation

• Environmental Clearance: The Union Environment Ministry's expert panel has recommended environmental clearance for the Oju hydroelectric project (2,220 MW) on the Subansiri river, which will be the largest project in the Subansiri basin.

• Project Details: The Oju project is located near the China border, 5 km downstream of Redi village in Upper Subansiri district, developed by Oju Suba

Summary of Cabinet Approval for Medical Education Capacity Expansion

• Cabinet Approval: The Union Cabinet approved Phase-III of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) aimed at enhancing the capacity of medical education in India, which includes increasing postgraduate (PG) and undergraduate (UG) seats at medical colleges and institutions.

• Capacity Increase: A total of 5,000 PG seats

Summary of the Launch of the Goods and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (GSTAT)

• Launch Event: The Union Finance Minister Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman officially launched the Goods and Services Tax Appellate Tribunal (GSTAT) in New Delhi, aimed at enhancing the framework for indirect tax dispute resolution.
• Key Objectives:
  • Ensure jargon-free, transparent, and accessible decisions.

Summary of WaveX's New Incubation Centers for Startups in Media, Entertainment, and AVGC-XR Sectors

• Launch Announcement: WaveX, the startup accelerator under the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting’s WAVES initiative, launched seven new incubation centers to support startups in the Media, Entertainment, and the Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming, and Comics (AVGC) and Extended Reality

Summary of Environmental Pollution Case Involving X-Press Pearl in Sri Lanka

• The MV X-Press Pearl, operated by X-Press Feeders, sank off Colombo in June 2021, following a fire attributed to a nitric acid leak, resulting in Sri Lanka's most severe environmental pollution case.
• Sri Lanka's Supreme Court ruled in July 2023 that the company must pay initial damages of $1 billion, with $250 mi

• Super Typhoon Ragasa: The most powerful tropical cyclone of the year, Ragasa hit Hong Kong with winds reaching up to 200 kph (124 mph) and caused widespread disruptions, including the cancellation of over 700 flights.

• Response Measures: Hong Kong issued a Typhoon Signal 10, its highest alert, prompting most businesses and transport services to shut down. Residents prepared

Summary of World Food India 2025

• Event Overview: World Food India 2025, organized by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, will take place from September 25-28, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. It aims to position India as a 'Global Food Hub' with 90+ countries participating and over 2,000 exhibitors anticipated.

• Economic Contribution: The Indian food processing industr

• Event: Prime Minister Narendra Modi will participate in World Food India 2025 on September 25 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, for four days from September 25-28.

• Focus: The event aims to showcase India's capabilities in the food processing sector, emphasizing food sustainability, and the production of nutritious and organic foods.

• Financial Support: Under the

Exam-Focused Summary on Super Typhoon Ragasa

• Event Overview:

  • Super Typhoon Ragasa threatened southern China after making landfall in the northern Philippines on September 22, 2025.
  • Landfall occurred on Calayan Island, part of the Babuyan chain, at 3 p.m. local time (0700 GMT).

• Weather Impact:

  • Maximum sustained winds recorded at the storm's center: 215 km/h.
  • Gu

• C.V. Raman:

  • First and only Indian Nobel Laureate in Physics.
  • Renowned for contributions to the understanding of light scattering, known as the Raman Effect.

• Meghnad Saha:

  • Notable for contributions to astrophysics.
  • Known for developing the Saha Equation, which explains the thermal ionization of elements.
  • Advocated for the application of science for public welfare,

Summary of Key Facts and Developments

• Recognition of Palestine: French President Emmanuel Macron announced the recognition of a Palestinian state during a U.N. summit, which has prompted Australia, Britain, Canada, and Portugal to follow suit.

• Call for Peace: Macron emphasized the urgency to achieve peace and demanded the release of 48 hostages held by Hamas, condemning warfare

Summary of GST Reforms under GST Bachat Utsav

• GST Rate Changes:
  • Effective September 22, 2023, GST rate cuts have been implemented across various goods and services.
  • Significant changes include:
    • Health and life insurance: Now exempt from GST.
    • Beauty services: Reduced from 18% to 5%.
    • Aspirational goods (e.g., air conditioners, refrigerators): Reduced from 28% to

Summary of Key Facts on Traditional Medicine and Ayurveda

• Global Scope:

  • Traditional medicine is practiced in 88% of WHO member states (170 out of 194 countries).
  • It serves as primary healthcare for billions, especially in low- and middle-income nations due to its accessibility and affordability.

• Market Growth:

  • Global traditional medicine market projected to reach **$

• Recognition of Palestinian State: Several Western governments, including the UK, Canada, Australia, and Portugal, symbolically recognized a Palestinian state on September 21, 2025, increasing pressure on Israel amidst ongoing conflict in Gaza.

• French Position: President Emmanuel Macron of France indicated that France would also recognize Palestine on September 22, 2025. He emphasized