UPSC Civil Services Current Affairs Articles

• Agni-P Missile Test: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully tested the Agni-Prime (Agni-P) missile from a rail-based mobile launcher, positioning India among nations with advanced canisterised launch systems including Russia, the US, China, and North Korea.

• Nuclear Doctrine: India follows a "no first use" nuclear doctrine, where it pledges to respond t

• Veteran politicians and environmentalists, including Murli Manohar Joshi and Karan Singh, have urged the Supreme Court to review its 2021 ruling allowing road widening under the Chardham project beyond a width of 5.5 meters.
• The Chardham project, overseen by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), entails widening Himalayan roads, notably in the Bhagirathi Eco Sensitive Zone and n

• Denmark’s Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen formally apologized for the forced sterilization of Inuit women in Greenland, following a two-year investigation that revealed systemic discrimination.
• A report released on September 9 documented 349 cases, 210 of which had health complications, revealing that Danish doctors fitted Greenlandic girls as young as 12 with contraceptive devices without co

Summary Notes on Indian Air Force MiG-21 Retirement and Future Plans

• Retirement of MiG-21: The Indian Air Force (IAF) decommissioned its last two MiG-21 squadrons (No 23 and No 3) on September 26, marking the end of an era for the Soviet-era fighter, which has been in service for over 60 years and involved in notable conflicts like the 1965 India-Pakistan War, the 1971 Bangladesh Libera

• Tariffs and Trade: The U.S. under President Trump has imposed a 25% tariff on Russia as part of sanctions, affecting global economic dynamics, particularly in the Global South, highlighting energy, food, and fertilizer security issues.

• Diplomatic Approach: External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar emphasized the necessity of dialogue and diplomacy to mitigate conflicts and improve stabi

Summary of GST Council Meeting Outcomes

• GST Rate Structure Reforms: The 56th GST Council meeting led to the adoption of a two-slab GST rate structure of 5% and 18%, with a special 40% demerit rate for luxury and sin goods effective from September 22, 2025. This marks a significant simplification of the existing rate structure.

• Key Tax Reductions:

  • **Common-use

• The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued an orange alert for several districts in Kerala, including Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, and others, due to predicted thunderstorms and moderate rainfall.
• The alert anticipates wind speeds of up to 40 km/h, with isolated areas in Malappuram and Kozhikode expected to experience wind speeds of 30 km/h.
• The District Collector of Thiruvananthap

• H-1B Visa Fee Increase: A new $100,000 fee on H-1B petitions shifts the U.S. immigration approach, signaling a reduced emphasis on skilled labor from India due to changing economic competition perceptions, particularly regarding China.

• Shifts in U.S. Foreign Policy: The Trump administration perceives global competition primarily through an economic lens rather than geopolitical. This

• India-US Trade Deal Resumption: A high-level Indian delegation led by Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal has resumed negotiations in Washington over a delayed trade deal, following a previous draft being shelved due to US intervention for further concessions.

• Bilateral Relations Context: The negotiations are framed as an effort to strengthen the strategic bilateral relationship, with the

• The Karnataka High Court dismissed social media platform X's plea against the Central Government's Sahyog portal, emphasizing the regulation of speech on social media is essential and must be adhered to.
• The Court reiterated that foreign judicial concepts cannot be imposed on Indian law, asserting that Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology Act, 2000, underpins content regulation to ad

Summary Notes:

• Weather Alerts: The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued high alert warnings for 12 districts in Odisha due to a low-pressure system over the Bay of Bengal. Expected impacts include thunderstorms, rain, and wind speeds of 30-40 km/h.

• School Closures: Malkangiri district in southern Odisha has closed all government and private schools in anticipation o

Summary of Electromagnetism and Its Historical Development

• Historical Background:

  • In 1752, Benjamin Franklin experimented with electricity, proving that lightning is a form of electrical discharge by flying a kite during a thunderstorm.
  • Franklin’s experiment led to the understanding that both lightning and static electricity are manifestations of the same force.

• **Foundationa

• UNGA Address: President Donald Trump discussed climate change at the United Nations General Assembly, claiming it is a "greatest con job" and criticizing Europe's efforts to reduce carbon footprints.

• Critique of Science: Trump dismissed decades of scientific evidence, mischaracterizing climate science, and suggesting that shifts in climate terminology reflect dishonesty among scient