UPSC Civil Services Current Affairs Articles

Key Highlights from India-Russia Annual Summit

Diplomatic Engagements

• Visit Details: Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived in India for a state visit, marking his first since the beginning of the Ukraine war. His visit includes a series of high-level engagements.
• Welcome by PM Modi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi personally greeted President Putin upon landfall at **

Judiciary Vacancies and Case Pendency in India

1. Judicial Vacancies:
   • Total vacant posts of judges in district courts: 4,855.
   • Total vacancies in various High Courts: 297.
   • Uttar Pradesh has the highest vacancies with 1,055 positions unfilled in the lower judiciary, followed by 535 in Gujarat and 384 in Madhya Pradesh.
   • In the Allahabad High Court, the

Summary of Judicial Vacancies and Case Pendency in India

1. Judicial Vacancies:
   • Total vacant posts of judges in district courts across India: 4,855.
   • Vacancies in various High Courts: 297.
   • Maximum vacancies in district and subordinate courts:
     • Uttar Pradesh: 1,055 vacancies
     • Gujarat: 535 vacancies
     • Madhya Pradesh: 384 vacancies
   • All

India-Russia Relations: Key Updates and Facts

Bilateral Engagement

• Strategic Importance: The visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to India underscores the 80-year partnership between the two nations, which has persisted despite global geopolitical tensions.
• Meetings: Prime Minister Narendra Modi hosted a private dinner for Putin, and their diplomatic interactions are ant

India-Russia Annual Summit Highlights

Diplomatic Engagement:

• Leaders: Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed Russian President Vladimir Putin at Air Force Station Palam on December 4, 2025.
• Significance: This is Putin's first state visit to India since the Ukraine war began, amidst renewed peace efforts involving the U.S.

Key Events Scheduled:

• Ceremonial Reception: D

Exam-Focused Notes on Air Quality and Children's Health

Constitutional & International Framework:

• United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
  • Effective since 1989; India is a signatory alongside 195 UN member states.
  • Emphasizes children's right to health and well-being.

Current Air Quality Situation:

• Delhi-NCR exhibits alarming levels

Astronomical Milestone: 10 Years of the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT)

Background & Development:

• The Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) is a primary payload aboard Astrosat, India’s first dedicated space observatory.
• Launched by ISRO on September 28, 2015, it marks the culmination of significant technological advances in astronomical observations.

Operational Highlights:

Summary of the Bear Sightings in Srinagar City

Background Information:

• Species Involved: Black bears
• Location: Srinagar city, particularly around educational institutes like the National Institute of Technology (NIT) and Kashmir University.

Observations:

• Wild black bears have been frequently spotted in urban areas for about a week.
• Notable incidents:
  • A bear was s

Summary Notes on the Operation of Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on Astrosat

Key Achievements:

1. Historic Milestone: The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) celebrated 10 years of successful operations of the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on the Astrosat, launched by ISRO on September 28, 2015.
2. Astrosat Specifications: Astrosat is India's first dedicated space

Key Notes on Cyclone Ditwah Impact and Infrastructure Challenges in Chennai

1. Natural Disaster Overview:
   • Cyclone Ditwah affected Sri Lanka in November, leading to a national disaster with widespread flooding.
   • Approximately 1.4 million people were affected; at least 474 fatalities reported.
   • After impacting Sri Lanka, the cyclone re-entered the Bay of Bengal, causing

Digital Courts Project under National E-Governance Plan

Overview:

• Funding and Objective:
  • The third phase of the e-Courts Mission Mode Project is being implemented with a budget of ₹7210 crore under the National E-Governance Plan.
  • Aim: To enhance judicial productivity in terms of quality and quantity by leveraging Information and Communication Technology (ICT).

Key Fe

Exam-Focused Summary on E-Courts Project and ICT in Indian Judiciary

1. Project Overview

• Name: E-Court Mission Mode Project (Phase III)
• Budget Allocation: ₹7210 crores earmarked under the National E-Governance Plan.
• Objective: Enhance the judicial system's productivity through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) enabling a more accessible, afford

Summary of Key Points on Malaria Control using Gambusia Affinis Halbrooki

• Species Identification:

  • Gambusia Affinis Halbrooki: A three-inch long fish identified as an efficient predator of Anopheles stephensi larvae, the primary vector for malaria transmission in urban areas.

• Research and Study:

  • Conducted over two years in Hyderabad, spearheaded by Dr. N. L. Sitaraman (

Exam-Ready Summary of Prime Minister's Micro Food Processing Enterprises Formalization Scheme (PM-FME)

1. Scheme Overview

• Name: Prime Minister's Micro Food Processing Enterprises Formalization Scheme (PM-FME)
• Objective: To provide financial, technical, and business support to initiate or upgrade micro food processing enterprises, enhancing their competitiveness in the informa

Summary of ISRO’s Upcoming Missions and Gaganyaan Program

1. ISRO's Planned Missions by March 2026: The Department has outlined seven key missions aimed at enhancing India’s position in the global space market.

   | Sl. No. | Mission | Objective | |------

Exam-Focused Notes on India's Election Commissioner Address in Sweden

Key Facts & Context

• Position: Gyanesh Kumar, Chief Election Commissioner of India, began his term as Chairman of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) for 2026.
• Event: Roundtable discussion on 'Within India's Democracy' held at the Swedish Institute of Inter

Summary of International IDEA Council Meeting in Stockholm

Event Overview:

• Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India, Gyanesh Kumar, commenced his term as the President of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) for the year 2026 in Stockholm, Sweden.
• The theme of the roundtable discussion was "Within India's Democracy," with former Swe

Summary of India’s Energy Transition Strategy and NDCs

International Commitments:

• India is required to submit new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement covering the period until 2035.

Key Targets for Energy Transition:

1. Emissions Intensity of GDP:
   • Target: Reduce emissions intensity by 45% compared to 2005 levels by 2030 and set a ne

Karnataka Reservation Issue Overview

Context:

• The Karnataka government has stalled public recruitments for a year to await the report on internal reservation for Scheduled Castes (SCs). This decision stems from the constitutional implications and judicial scrutiny involving reservation limits.

Judicial Developments:

• Karnataka High Court Ruling: Recent judgment prohibits the i

Summary of Labour Reforms in India

Labour Codes Overview
The Government of India is set to fully operationalize four significant labour codes by April 1, 2026. These codes include:

1. Code on Wages, 2019
2. Industrial Relations Code, 2020
3. Code on Social Security, 2020
4. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020

These codes were initially notifie

Summary of Key Points on the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters and Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act

Constitutional and Legislative Context

• UP Gangsters and Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 1986: Enacted by the Uttar Pradesh state legislature, receiving Presidential assent the same year. The Act came into force on January 15, 1986.
• Purpose: Designed to prevent organized c

प्रधानमंत्री सूक्ष्म खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्यमों का औपचारिकरण योजना (PM-FME)

• अधिकारिता और उद्देश्य:

  • PM-FME योजना का उद्देश्य देश के खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्योग में सूक्ष्म खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्यमों को औपचारिक रूप देना और उनकी प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता बढ़ाना।
  • यह योजना खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्योग मंत्रालय द्वारा कार्यान्वित की जा रही है।

• लाभार्थियों की संख्या:

  • 31 अक्टूबर 2025 तक:

Summary of Prime Minister Vishwakarma Scheme and Champions Portal Initiatives

Prime Minister Vishwakarma Scheme

• Launch Date: September 17, 2023.
• Objective: To provide comprehensive support to artisans and craftsmen across 18 traditional occupations who work manually with tools.
• Target Beneficiaries: Aimed at registering 3 million beneficiaries by December 1, 2025.
• **C

Summary of Key Facts and Data on Indian Rupee Exchange Rates and Economic Indicators

Exchange Rate Movements

1. Current Status (November 2025):
   • The Indian Rupee closed at 89.46 INR/USD, marking a depreciation to less than 90 for the first time.
   • The rupee depreciated not only against the dollar but also against other major currencies:
     • Euro: from **102.32 to 103.6