UPSC Civil Services Current Affairs Articles

• Avian Influenza (H5N1): Confirmed in crow samples collected from Adyar, Tamil Nadu. The virus was detected by the ICAR–National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, on January 21, 2026.

• Date of Communication: The Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying communicated these findings on January 22, 2026, to Tamil Nadu's Chief Secretary.

• Action Required: Implement

Cheetah Conservation and Potential Reintroduction in Saudi Arabia

1. Species Overview:
   • Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is the world's fastest terrestrial mammal, once widespread across Africa and parts of Asia, but now extinct in 91% of its historical range.
   • The Asiatic cheetah (A. j. venaticus) is critically endangered, with approximately 50 individuals remaining in the wild, prima

Budget for Carbon Capture Technology

Government Budget Allocation and Objectives

• Budgetary Outlay: ₹20,000 crore allocated for the development of CCUS technologies over the next five years.
• Objective: To support technologies aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of critical industries in India, contributing towards achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.

**Overview of

Summary of India-U.S. Trade Deal

Trade Agreements and Economic Impact:

• India has successfully concluded significant free trade agreements (FTAs) with multiple partners, including the U.S., EU, UK, Australia, New Zealand, EFTA, Oman, and UAE.
• The new trade architecture facilitates faster and more predictable movements for trade, enhancing India's global competitiveness.

**Trade Deal

• Background Context:

  • Ladakh became a Union Territory in 2019 after the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution.

• Recent Developments:

  • Talks between the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and Ladakh civil society leaders were inconclusive after more than three months of hiatus.
  • The Leh Apex Body (LAB) proposed demands for Statehood and inclusion under the Sixth Schedule of

Summary: US-Iran Relations and Implications for Global Oil Markets

Key Facts & Figures

• US-Iran Dialogue: Talks are set to occur in Oman regarding Iran's nuclear program amidst escalating tensions.
• Geopolitical Context: A potential military conflict in Iran could disrupt up to 20% of global oil and LNG supplies by blocking the Strait of Hormuz.
• **Oil Price Sensitivi

Summary of Developments in Antimicrobial Resistance Detection

Scientific Innovation

• Research Institute: Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad.
• Study: Published in Nature Communications, focused on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) detection in urban sewage.

Key Findings

• Sample Analysis: The study analyzed sewage from 381 sites acr

Historical Context and Education Statistics (Madras Presidency, 1872)

• Mission Initiation: The Free Church of Scotland Mission established several schools in the Madras Presidency, beginning 35 years before 1872.

• School Closures: Several schools were shut down due to mounting debts, notably stating that in 1866, the Triplicane Boys and Girls Schools closed.

• *Enrollment Data

Summary of India-US Trade Deal and Economic Impact

1. Trade Agreement Overview:

• A new India-US trade deal has reduced tariffs on Indian goods to 18% from 50%, effective immediately.
• The effective import duty could decrease to between 12-16%, from the previous 35-36% due to concessions on sectors like electronics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products.

**2. Bene

Raptor Assessment in Tiruchi: Key Highlights

Overview of the Assessment:

• Conducted by: Tamil Nadu Forest Department.
• Date: Conducted over a weekend.
• First-time Exercise: This was the first statewide raptor assessment by the Forest Department.
• Teams Involved: Included field-level Forest Department officials, volunteers, and college students.

Geographical Focus:

• R

Summary of Key Points: Connemara Public Library Transformation

• Location: Connemara Public Library, Government Museum campus, Egmore.

• Renovation Cost: ₹4.58 crore invested for restoration and development.

• Key Features:

  • Introduction of a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) section with hands-on activities:
    • Gyroscope.
    • Periodic table.

Faunal Survey in Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary

1. Survey Overview:
   • Conducted by the State Forest Department with support from Society for Tropical Ecology and Research (STEAR) and Travancore Natural History Society (TNHS) from January 22 to 25.
   • Engaged 42 participants from across South India.
   • Covered eight base camps and major habitat types within the 227.21 sq. km sanctuar

Exam-Focused Notes on Budget 2026-27 Highlights

Key Proposals and Initiatives

• Establishment of Rare Earth Corridors:
  • Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman proposed the creation of dedicated Rare Earth Corridors in coastal states: Odisha, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
  • Aimed at promoting mining, processing, research, and manufacturing of rare earth material

Summary of Key Points on Mountain Gorillas and Conservation in Uganda

Background on Mountain Gorillas

• Species: Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) are confined to Central Africa, primarily in Uganda's Bwindi and Virunga parks, with an estimated population of around 1,000 individuals.
• Habitat: They inhabit montane forests at elevations ranging from **2,200 to 4,3

• Discovery and Project Overview:

  • Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) scientists developed a process to convert forest waste into petroleum crude and other products.
  • This innovation has potential economic benefits of approximately ₹730 crores annually.
  • It is expected to create one million jobs.

• Implementation and Approvals:

  • The project has progressed beyond the pilot pla

Summary of Key Points on Gravitational Waves and General Relativity

Cosmic Event and Discovery:

• On January 14, 2025, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) recorded a significant gravitational wave event, designated as GW250114. This detection is noted as the 'loudest' gravitational wave signal to date.

Research Study and Findings:

• A study published in *Ph

Summary of Key Points from the India-US Oil Trade Deal

Context and Background

• The India-US trade deal was primarily negotiated around oil trade, particularly in light of the US-led sanctions on Russia's oil due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.
• President Trump indicated that India would cease purchasing Russian crude oil and instead increase imports from the US and possibly Venezue

Key Highlights on Kolleru Lake Bird Revival

Ecological Overview:

• Kolleru Lake is one of India's largest freshwater wetlands and recognized as a Ramsar site.
• Current estimates indicate the lake is hosting between 4.5 million to 6 million birds, showcasing a significant revival in birdlife.

Biodiversity & Bird Census:

• The ongoing bird census identifies **30 to 40 key bird spe

SHANTI Bill 2025 Summary: Key Points and Details

1. Legislation Overview

   • SHANTI Bill 2025: Stands for Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India.
   • Approved by Lok Sabha on December 17 and by Rajya Sabha shortly after, receiving President Droupadi Murmu's assent on December 20, 2025.

2. Significance of the Act

   • Represents the mos

Union Budget 2026-27 Overview and Economic Context

Economic Growth Metrics:

• GDP Growth Rate: 7.4%, making India the fastest-growing major economy globally.
• Inflation Rate: Projected at 2%, significantly below the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) target of 4%.
• Nominal GDP Growth Rate: 8%, described as weak against a traditional benchmark of 12% for sustainable revenue genera

Defence Budget and National Security Summary

Financial Overview:

• Defence Allocation (2026-27):
  • Overall increase of 15% from ₹6.81 lakh crore to ₹7.84 lakh crore.
  • Capital outlay surge of 22% from ₹1.80 lakh crore to ₹2.19 lakh crore.
  • Defence budget since 2000-01 has grown by 1,240% from nearly ₹0.59 lakh crore.

Comparative Defence Expenditure:

National Green Tribunal (NGT) Directives on Yamuna River Fish Population: Key Points

1. NGT Orders:

   • Issued directives to the State governments of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh to address declining native fish populations in the Yamuna River.
   • Action against the illegal introduction of exotic fish species is mandated.

2. **Background and Concern

Summary of Lonar Lake Situation and Government Response

Lonar Lake Overview

• Location: Maharashtra, India; Buldhana district.
• Significance:
  • Formed by a meteorite impact; recognized as a National Geo-heritage site by the Government of India.
  • Largest basaltic impact crater globally.
  • Designated a Ramsar site (International Ramsar Convention on Wetlands).
• **

• Location & Context: The Binnaguri Railway Station in West Bengal’s Jalpaiguri district is a critical area for elephant movement and railway operations. It is situated in a vulnerable elephant corridor along a 52-km stretch (Madarihat-Nagrakata) that has seen over 90 elephant deaths on railway tracks since 2019.

• Intrusion Detection System (IDS):

  • Launched as a pilot project in 2023.